Keywords
U. laevis
U. pumila
U. glabra
dominant species
survival rate
forest site conditions Ulmus minor
U. laevis
U. pumila
U. glabra
головні лісоутворювальні види
збереженість
лісорослинні умови
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction
Elms are spread in forests, landscaping settlements, and protective forest belts. After several waves of elm mortality from Dutch elm disease (DED) in the 20th century, individual populations recovered or formed resistant hybrids. However, epiphytoties of bacterial and fungal diseases sometimes develop, particularly due to pathogen vectoring by bark beetles. In Ukraine, the spread of elms and their damage by different causes are relatively poorly investigated.
This research aimed to discover the features of Ulmus sp. distribution by stand origin, age, and forest site condition in the forest fund of the Branch “Myrhorod Forestry”.
Materials and Methods
The data as of 2010 and 2017 on the forest fund of enterprises belonging to the Branch “Myrhorod Forestry” of the State Specialized Forest Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” were selected from the database of Ukrainian State Forest Management Planning Association “Ukrderzhlisproekt” using SQL-query and converted to the *.xls files.
Area distribution by types of forest site conditions was assessed following the Ukrainian school of forest typology. Such distributions for the entire area covered with forest vegetation, for subcompartments with elms in the stand composition, and with elms as the dominant species were compared for various elm species and stand origins, using c2-test. The percentages of stand areas of different origins and elm species in 2010 and 2017 were compared using z-test in the two proportions comparisons.
The data for subcompartments with various elms as the dominant species and as a part of stands composition have been analyzed by 10-year age classes for different origins (natural and planted). The proportion of the stand area of each 10-year age class was assessed for each set of subcompartments. Then the proportion of the stands’ area, which survives up to a certain age, was evaluated.
Results and Conclusions
In the Branch “Myrhorod forestry”, an area of natural stands with Ulmus sp. as the dominant species for 2010–2017, and the proportion of U. minor has significantly increased. The most dramatic decrease in the survival rate of all elm species of natural stands occurred in the VI age class and planted stands in the V age class. Respective natural and planted stands were formed in the 1960s and 1970s when the peak of DED occurred in many regions.
In the Branch “Myrhorod Forestry”, U. minor prefers moist fertile forest site conditions. U. laevis grows mainly in moist forest site conditions, U. pumila occurs in dry to wet habitats, U. glabra is present only in natural stands and absent in plantations. As part of stand composition, the same elm species grow in a wider range of forest site conditions than elms as the dominant species.
2 Figs., 8 Tables, 31 Refs.
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