Keywords
seedling growing conditions
fertilizers
superabsorbents
mensuration characteristics дуб звичайний (Quercus robur L.)
умови вирощування сіянців
добрива
суперабсорбенти
таксаційні показники
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction
In the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the reproduction of oak forests is primarily achieved through natural, planted, or combined methods. However, forest plantation establishment through planting remains the dominant approach. The success of reforestation by planting largely depends on the type and quality of planting stock. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the amount of containerized planting stock, including English oak (Quercus robur L.). At the same time, the technological features for growing planted oak stands established with containerized seedlings remain understudied. These circumstances determined the relevance of the present study.
The aim of the study was to compare the main mensuration characteristics and the health condition of 12-year-old planted oak stands established with containerized seedlings grown both in open ground and greenhouse conditions, with root feeding with various fertilizers and the introduction of microbial preparations and superabsorbents into the soil mixture to intensify their growth.
Materials and Methods
The study was conducted on a permanent multivariate research plot laid out in the autumn of 2008, with containerized oak seedlings. The seedlings were grown both in open ground and greenhouse conditions. During the growing season, various methods for their growth intensification were used, in particular, root fertilization (watering) with various fertilizers and the introduction of microbial preparations and superabsorbents into the soil mixture.
In total, 11 variants of experimental plantations were established including the control. Six of the variants were established with the seedlings grown in open ground and five variants were established with the seedlings grown in the greenhouse conditions.
The mensuration characteristics of the planted young oak stands were determined and analyzed using the methods and standards generally accepted in forestry, reforestation, and forest mensuration. At the time of the latest accounting (September 2020), the age of the oak stands was 12 years.
Results
The study showed that the average height of the oak trees in the young stands established with the seedlings grown in the open ground was 4.7–5.4 m while for the greenhouse seedlings, it reached 5.2–5.4 m. The average diameter of the oak trees in young stands established with open-ground containerized seedlings was 40–50 mm. The average diameter of the oak trees planted with containerized seedlings from a greenhouse was 46–51 mm. According to the results of the records, the 12-year-old oak stands showed a high degree of oak preservation, which was 90–95%, depending on the variant.
Young oak stands were assessed as "weakened" in terms of their health condition (average index of the state of stands Ic = 1.77–2.06) in all experimental variants. The worst health condition was observed in the young stands established with bare-root seedlings (Ic = 2.23).
The average height increment over the 12-year period was 41–45 cm depending on the variant. All experimental variants exceeded the control (39 cm) by this value, and this excess made 5–15%.
Conclusions
English oak trees in the planted young oak stands established with containerized seedlings, during the cultivation of which various methods of growth intensification were used, at the age of 12 had higher mensuration characteristics compared to the oak trees in young stands established with seedlings without growth intensification. It is advisable to use such seedlings for additional planting in oak stands established with other types of planting stock. Due to their higher survival rates and high growth energy, they will successfully compete with unwanted grass and shrub vegetation in the first years after planting.
3 Figs., 4 Tables, 32 Refs.
References
Andreeva, O. Yu., Huzii, A. I., Karchevskyi, R. A. 2016. Some parameters of pine growth in plantations created with potted planting material. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 26(3): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.15421/40260301
Borysova, V. V. 2008. Influence of sprout treatment with preparation «Athlete» on development of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and their further growth in plantations. Forestry and Forest Melioration, 112: 159–164 (in Ukrainian).
Brodovych, R. I, Katsuliak, Yu. D., Brodovych, Yu. R. 2001. Experience of cultivation and efficiency of coniferous seedlings with the closed rooted system use. Forestry and Forest Melioration, 100: 81–86 (in Ukrainian).
Danylenko, O. M., Vysotska, N. Yu., Tarnopilskyi, P. B., Rumiantsev, M. Н. 2021а. Influence of plant growth regulators on the growth and weight of english oak seedlings in the South-eastern Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. Forestry and Forest Melioration, 138: 59–67. https://doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.138.2021.59
Danylenko, O. M., Yushchyk, V. S., Rumiantsev, M. Н., Mostepaniuk, A. A. 2021b. Some features of the growth and condition of pine plantations created by different planting material in the South-eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 31(1): 26–29. https://doi.org/10.36930/40310104
Dey, D. C., Kabrick, J. M., Gold, M. 2006. The role of large container seedlings in afforesting oaks in bottomlands. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, p. 218–223.
Forest inventory sample plots. Establishing method. Corporate standard 02.02-37-476:2006. 2007. Valid from May 1, 2007. Kyiv, Minahropolityky Ukrayiny, 32 p. (in Ukrainian).
Gupal, V. V. 2016. Growing of containerized oak seedlings using substrates of different composition. Forestry and Forest Melioration, 128: 100–103 (in Ukrainian).
Hrom,M. M. 2010. Forest mensuration. Lviv, RVV NLTU, 416 p. (in Ukrainian).
Kobranov, N. P. 1973. Inspection and study of forest planted stands. Leningrad, RIOLTA, 77 p. (in Russian).
Lakin, G. F. 1990. Biometrics. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 352 p. (in Russian).
Lapach, S. N., Chubenco, A. V., Babych, P. N. 2001. Statistical methods in biomedical research using Excel. Kyiv, Morion, 408 p. (іn Russian).
Leverkus, A. B., Levy, L., Andivia, E., Annigh?fer, P., De Cuyper, B., Ivetic, V., Lazdina, D., L?f, M., Villar-Salvador, P. 2021. Restoring oak forests through direct seeding or planting: Protocol for a continental-scale experiment. PLoS ONE, 16(11): e0259552. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259552
Lialin, O. I. 2014a. Survival ability and preservation ability of seedlings in forest plantations of English oak. Scientific Herald of NULES of Ukraine, 198: 98–102 (in Ukrainian).
Lialin, O. I. 2014b. Growth of oak saplings in forest plantations established by ball-rooted seedlings. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 24(5): 26–31. (in Ukrainian).
Lialin, O. I., Tarnopilska, O. M., Tkach, L. I., Musienko, S. I., Bondarenko, V. V. 2020. Germination, survival rate and health of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown in containers. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 30(2): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.36930/40300208
Luk’yanets, V., Rumiantsev, M., Kobets, O., Tarnopilska, O., Musienko, S., Obolonyk, I., Bondarenko, V., Tarnopilskyi, P. 2022. Biometric characteristics and health state of English oak (Quercus robur L.) stands established using various stock types. Agriculture and Forestry, 68(3): 119–132. https://doi.org/10.17707/AgricultForest.68.3.10
Monitoring and increasing the resilience of man-made forests. 2011. In: Collection of recommendations of URIFFM. Kharkiv, Nove slovo, 304 p. (in Ukrainian).
Rumiantsev, M. Н., Danylenko, O. M., Tarnopilskyi, P. B., Yushchyk, V. S., Mostepaniuk, A. A. 2022. Influence of plant growth stimulants on biometric indicators and weight of one-year-old seedlings of English oak with a closed root system in the South-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 32(1): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.36930/40320102
Sanitary Forests Regulations in Ukraine. 2016. [Electronic resource]. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No 756 dated 26 October 2016. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/555-95-п (accessed 30.11.2022) (in Ukrainian).
Schweitzer, C. J. and Stanturf, J. A. 1997. From okra to oak: reforestation of abandoned agricultural fields in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. In: Meyer, D.A., ed. Proceedings of the 25th annual hardwood symposium. Memphis, TN, National Hardwood Lumber Association, p. 131–138.
Segeda, Yu. Yu. 2016. The experience of proceeding of an oak ordinary (Quercus robur L.) in the forest in the state enterprise “Smila forestry” with the using of container planting-stock. Scientific Herald of NULES of Ukraine. Series: Forestry and Decorative Gardening, 238: 163–168 (in Ukrainian).
Stanturf, J. A.; Schweitzer, C. J.; Gardiner, E. S. 1998. Afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, U.S.A. Silva Fennica, 32(3): 281–287.
Tarnopilskyi, P. B., Danylenko, O. M., Gupal, V. V., Mostepanuk, A. A., Gladun, G. B. 2016. English oak forest plantations creationg experience with the use of containerized seedlings in forest enterprise “Kharkivska forest research station”. Forestry and Forest Melioration, 128: 89–99 (in Ukrainian).
Tkach, V., Rumiantsev, M., Kobets, O., Luk’yanets, V., Musienko, S. 2019. Ukrainian plain oak forests and their natural regeneration. Forestry Studies, 71: 17–29. https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2019-0010
To improve the modern methods of reforestation in the main types of lowland forests of Ukraine with the purpose of improving their forestry-environmental and agrotechnical efficiency. 2008. Work-in-progress report on research work on the topic № 10. Borysova, V. V. (Ed.). Kharkiv, URIFFM, 128 p. (in Ukrainian)
Tovstukha, А. V., Ignatenko, V. A., Tarnopilskyі, P. B., Sotnikova, A. V. 2017. Experience of renewal of oak forests of Sumy region using various plating material of English oak (Quercus robur L.). Bulletin of Sumy NAU, 9: 92–101 (in Ukrainian).
Uharov, V. M. Manoilo, V. O., Fatieiev, V. V., Danylenko, O. M. 2012. Biometric parameters of Quercus robur L. seedlings with closed root system, depending on the mode of cultivation. Forestry and Forest Melioration, 121: 129–133. (in Ukrainian).
Wilson, E. R., Vitols, K. C., Park, A. 2007. Root characteristics and growth potential of container and bare-root seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ontario, Canada. New Forests, 34: 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9046-7
Woolery, P. O. and Jacobs, D. F. 2014. Planting stock type and seasonality of simulated browsing affect regeneration establishment of Quercus rubra. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 44: 732–739. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-049
Yavorovskyi, P. P. and Segeda, Yu. Yu. 2015. Creation of forest plantations with common oak planting material grown in nurseries with a closed root system. Forestry and Horticulture, 7: 11–19 (in Ukrainian).
Yavorovskyі, P. P. аnd Segeda, Yu. Yu. 2016. The future use of container planting stock of English oak (Quercus robur L.) for the creation of forest plantations. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 26(3): 222–226 (in Ukrainian).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.