Ключові слова
distribution
ornitochory
Scots pine
stand indicators
health condition
nature reserve fund напівпаразит
поширення
орнітохорія
сосна звичайна
, таксаційні показники
санітарний стан
природно-заповідний фонд
Як цитувати
Анотація
Проаналізовано матеріали та базу даних щодо поширення омели австрійської в соснових лісах України. Нині омелу австрійську вважають підвидом омели білої (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.). Вона розвивається переважно на гілках крони хвойних порід: багатьох видів роду сосна, значно рідше – видів родів ялина та модрина. Поширення насіння омели австрійської пов’язане переважно з двома видами птахів – дроздом-омелюхом та омелюхом. Поширення омели в Україні є дуже фрагментарним: зона мішаних лісів (Поліський край, фізико-географічні області Волинського Полісся, Житомирського Полісся, Київського Полісся та Чернігівського Полісся) і лісостепова зона (Подільсько-Придніпровський край, Київська та Центрально-придніпровська височинні області). За нашою оцінкою, в Україні сумарна площа соснових лісів, уражених омелою австрійською, сягає близько 13 500 га. Вона переважно уражує чисті за складом високобонітетні середньоповнотні перестійні сосняки. Омела в соснових насадженнях насамперед колонізує домінантні дерева. Обмежене лісокористування сприяє поширенню омели, особливо на території об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду й лісів зелених зон міст. Ураження соснових лісів омелою австрійською слід визнати загальнодержавною проблемою.
Посилання
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