TY - JOUR AU - Sydorenko, S. V. AU - Zinchenko, O. V. AU - Skrylnyk, Yu. Ye. AU - Kukina, O. M AU - Sydorenko, S. H. PY - 2020/06/25 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Entomocomplex and health condition of forest shelterbelts of the State Enterprise “Elitne Research Farm of Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS” JF - Forestry and Forest Melioration JA - Forest. and Forest Melior. VL - 0 IS - 136 SE - PROTECTION OF FORESTS DO - 10.33220/1026-3365.136.2020.184 UR - http://forestry-forestmelioration.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/272 SP - 184-193 AB - <p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><a name="_GoBack"></a> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Introduction</strong></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">Shelterbelts contribute to the ecological value of agricultural lands and the balance of biogeocoenoses, including faunal biodiversity. Studies on complex of insect species in shelterbelts are based on the concepts of forest and agricultural biocoenoses interaction. Age, stand height, composition, and design features are the criteria of a shelterbelt which have a significant impact on the insect species composition and theirbdispersal within the shelterbelts. Forestry characteristics of shelterbelts, their species composition and health are indicators of both a specific habitat of certain insect species and formation of appropriate entomocomplex in them.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The shelterbelts located on the territory of the State Enterprise “Elitne Research Farm of Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS” (Kharkiv Region) were studied in 2018–2019. Field studies were conducted during the growing season using generally accepted entomological and silvicultural methods. The number of tree rows, the stand height, and the type of shelterbelt design were determined at each study plot. The occurrence of a particular insect species was estimated as a percentage (%) of the studied sites where a particular insect species was identified. Leaf population was defined as the proportion (%) of damage from the total crown.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Results</strong></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">Oak shelterbelts with different species composition had mainly a dense structure. The main tree species that were examined during the research were: green ash (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>F. lanceolata</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> L.) – 45%; English oak (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Quercus robur</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> L.) – 26%, Norway maple (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Acer platanoides</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> L.) – 25%, and European ash (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Fraxinus excelsior </em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">L.) – 4%. Tatar maple (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>A. tataricum</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> L.) and Siberian pea shrub (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Caragana arborescens</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> Lam.) grew from undergrowth species which were observed in all shelterbelts studied in the amelioration system in the State Enterprise “Elitne Research Farm of Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS”.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The study showed that shelterbelts had weakened and severely weakened health (health condition index of the shelterbelts varied from ІІ,1 to ІІІ,0).</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">During the analysis of the shelterbelt health, considering the species composition in the stand, it was found that maple trees had the best health, namely the health condition index was within I,0–II,8 points, but only if they made a small proportion in the stand (up to 5% of shelterbelt 7). In shelterbelts 15, 11, and 38, the health condition indices of oak were 2–5% lower than the average health index of all trees in the stand (</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Fcrit</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> = 31.2; </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Ft</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> = 3.9; </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>p</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> ? 0.05). Only in shelterbelts 7 and 23 the health of oak was better by 19–50% compared to other species (</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Fcrit</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> = 56.1; </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Ft</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> = 3.9; </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>p</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> ? 0.05). The dominance of maple in the stand reduces the overall resilience of trees in the shelterbelt; the tree health in the shelterbelt varies within the III–IV health condition categories.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The entomological analysis of the main forest-forming species in the shelterbelts helped identify 45 species of insects from 32 genera and 13 families which belong to three series: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The identified species belong to two groups: xylophage insects (23 species) – their development occurs under the bark or in the upper layer of tree trunks, branches or stumps, and phyllophagous insects (22 species) – development and nutrition take place on the leaf blade.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The insects which occurred infrequently had a predominant proportion, namely– 43.2%, the percentages of mass and common species were 25% and 22.7 % respectively; 9.1% of species occurred singly.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The most common of the Curculionidae were </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Hylesinus toranio</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> and </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Scolytus intricatus</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">, whose damage was noted under the bark of trunks and branches of ash and oak.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">During the study of the shelterbelts in the first decade of May over the trees of European ash, a mass flight of adults </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Tomostethus nigritus</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> was recorded, and in early June, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Macrophya punctumalbum</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">, but when inspecting the damaged crown, it was dominated by larvae of </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Tomostethus nigritus</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">During the season, two species of insects from the nut-forming family were identified on the leaf plate of English oak trees. Among them, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Diplolepis quercusfolii</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> was common and </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Neuroterus numismalis</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> occurred rarely.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">From the gall wasps family, two species from the family </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Diplolepis quercusfolii</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> and </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Neuroterus numismalis</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> respectively occurred occasionally and singly on the leaf blade of oak trees.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The observations helped detect numerous injuries of trees in the stands caused by various factors. The cumulative effect to some extent brought about a partial drying of trees in the shelterbelt, which, in turn, favoured expanding of the foci of pathogens and pests which inhabited individual trees in the shelterbelt. Lack of forestry care in the studied shelterbelts led to a significant reduction in their viability and weakening of their protective functions.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Conclusions</strong></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The worst health condition in the shelterbelts was observed in </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">European</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> ash – IV,1 and green ash – III,6. Norway maple had health condition index of III,9 which is related to a significant drying of the crowns, probably with verticillium wilt. The best health was distinguished in maple trees – their health condition index varied within I,0–II,8 points, but only when having an insignificant proportion in the stand. The dominance of maple in the stand led to a decline of the overall resilience of the stand (health condition index ranged within III,9– IV,1).</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">We found 45 species of insects from 32 genera and 13 families in the shelterbelt. Of these, xylophage insects are represented by 23 species and phyllophagous insects by 22 species. In general, 43.2% occurred rarely, 25% and 22.7% were mass and common species respectively, and 9.1% of species occurred singly.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The study established that due to the lack of forestry and reclamation interventions in the shelterbelts, conditions for the rapid development of many phytophages had been created, in particular for Chrysomelidae insects. Accumulation of a large number of weakened maple trees creates favourable conditions for a mass reproduction of xylophagous insects.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">It was revealed that in the shelterbelt system of the State Enterprise </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">“Elitne Research Farm of Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS”</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> a typical for agrolandscapes entomocomplex was formed at this location, which did not depend on the differences in forestry and reclamation indicators of shelterbelts.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>2 Figs., 2 Table, 26 Refs.</strong></span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="ru-RU" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Key words: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">health condition index, xylophagous insects, philophagous insects.</span></span></span></p> ER -